Semiconductors get magnetic boost with new method from UCLA researchers

A new method for combining magnetic elements with semiconductors — which are vital materials for computers and other electronic devices — was unveiled by a research team led by the California NanoSystems Institute at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). 

The investigators demonstrated the ability to produce semiconductor materials containing up to 50% magnetic atoms, whereas current methods are often limited to a concentration of magnetic atoms no greater than 5%. Using their process, the team created a library of more than 20 new materials that combined magnetic elements such as cobalt, manganese and iron with a variety of semiconductors, UCLA said in an online news post.

“The study also showed that the new strategy could be used to incorporate magnetic elements into superconductors, a class of materials that allow electrons to travel through them with zero resistance under certain conditions,” UCLA’s online post said. “Other experiments added magnetic atoms to topological insulators, which are substances that behave as insulators in their interior but allow electrons to flow freely on their surface.”

In tests that included the use of atomic imaging and magnetization measurements, the researchers found evidence that the new materials made with superconductors and topological insulators maintained their exotic traits while developing new magnetic behavior.

Spintronics are already used in technologies such as the read heads that pull data off the hard drives in computers and other devices. Unlike conventional electronics, spintronic components don’t produce excess heat, a major barrier to cramming more power into smaller chips. By overcoming this limitation, spintronics could lead to future devices that are more powerful, compact and energy-efficient, or even ones with entirely new capabilities.

Magnetic materials produced with the new method might also serve as foundational materials for future quantum computers. Such devices are expected to complete calculations that are currently impossible, to simulate complex natural phenomena at a level that traditional computers fail to achieve, and to allow for unbreakable cybersecurity.

The researchers’ technique involves alternately stacking together atomically thin sheets of the semiconductors and self-organized layers of magnetic atoms. This layered architecture allows each component to retain its ordered arrangements and intrinsic properties while giving rise to new collective behaviors. 

The team’s process could provide a versatile material platform for future spintronic devices that can do more than contemporary electronics, with superior energy efficiency. For example, today’s popular artificial intelligence systems consume enormous amounts of electricity and water; future computers deploying spintronics may host AI applications that are more powerful while avoiding the worrying carbon footprint and drain on vital resources, the post said.